(1994) A global assessment of fisheries bycatch and discards. (1993) Initial parameter estimations of a coral reef flat ecosystem in Bolinao, Pangasinan, Northwestern Philippines. (1988) Effects of marine reserves on coral fish abundance and yields of Philippine coral reefs. (1990) The impact of the introduction of Nile perch, Lates niloticus (L.) on the fisheries of Lake Victoria. Multispecies models may, however, give the better long-term advice, and adaptive management may facilitate the move towards such long-term goals.Īchieng, A.P. It makes little difference if short-term prognoses are based on single-species or multispecies considerations. Finally some implications for the management of ecosystems are drawn up. ![]() Using exploitation-predation rate indices for different ecosystem types, the amount of finfish consumed globally by finfish is roughly estimated to be three times the catches of finfish. On a global level, while on average fisheries operate around two trophic levels above the primary producers, still one third of the catch of the 70 major fish species caught in the world is of piscivorous fish. The concept of ‘fishing down the food web’ is discussed and the average trophic levels at which the fisheries operate in different ecosystem types are estimated based on quantified trophic flow models. ![]() Some case studies related to ecosystem management are briefly presented these describe Lakes Victoria and Tanganyika, discarding from shrimp trawl fisheries and the development in the North Sea that led to introduction of multispecies analysis. ![]() Several management strategies for ecosystems with biological interaction are discussed, including predator removal, predator-prey coexistence, prey exploitation, overexploitation, and introduction of sanctuaries.
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